Cryogenics

Cryogenics refers to the production and use of materials at very low temperatures, generally below −292°F (−180°C). Getting temperatures this low generally involves the use of liquefied gases, most commonly liquefied nitrogen or liquefied helium both of which have very low boiling points and are common gases making them relatively inexpensive.

Cryogenics are used whenever an industrial or commercial process requires super-cooling. This can include flash-freezing foods, cooling industrial equipment prone to overheating, hardening metal for better wear, medical applications, creating superconductors, or research.